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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

If you're a lover of coffee you're likely aware that different kinds of beans have distinct flavor profiles. Find out about four of the most common varieties: Arabica. Robusta. Liberica. and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans, which are a variety of Liberica is grown exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a fruitier, more tart flavor and are often utilized in coffee blends for added depth.

Arabica

Arabica coffee beans comprise 75% of global production. Arabica beans are milder and sweeter than Robusta. They also come in different flavour profiles. The aroma and taste of coffee are affected by the conditions in which it is grown and the processing methods used.

The word "coffee" actually is derived from the Arabic word for berry, and coffee beans are fruit seeds which grow inside bright red berries. It is believed that the ancient Ethiopian shepherds discovered that their goats became stimulated after eating these berries, and that the cultivation of coffee quickly was a global phenomenon.

Coffee beans can be grown at high altitudes, and thrive in cool temperatures and lots of rain. This is the reason Arabica coffee is thought to be the most delicious type of coffee.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters are focused on ethically sourced arabica beans, and focusing on fair wages for farmers and sustainable farming practices. These companies blend arabica coffeee beans to create unique signature coffees, which can be used in different brewing methods. Blending allows for control over the flavour, aroma and body of the coffee. It is frequently preferred to create an even and consistent flavor that appeals to a wider market.

Robusta

Robusta beans (Coffea canephora) are the second most common type of coffee bean that is grown worldwide. They have more caffeine per bean and are more resistant against pests and diseases. They also contain higher levels of chlorogenic acids, which are naturally occurring antioxidants. These acids can cause oxidation in the brewing process of coffee and create undesirable flavors.

The plant itself is more robust than arabica, and can thrive in less favorable climate conditions and at lower elevations. It can withstand warmer temperatures and does well in direct sun. It produces more coffee per plant and is growing faster than arabica. This makes it a more cost effective crop to grow.

Although it might appear counterintuitive Robusta beans are frequently blended with arabica to make coffee blends. If you've noticed the names of countries like Uganda or Kenya listed on a coffee bag and you can be sure that there's a bit of robusta as well.

Most roasters employ a mixture of arabica and coffee beans in order to cut costs and preserve the quality. To maintain the good quality coffee beans of the flavor, it is essential to choose a high-quality bean from a source you are confident in. This can be accomplished by purchasing your beans direct from a farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans have a shape that is like a football, which makes them different from other types of coffee beans. They have a distinctive aroma that is fruity and floral with smokey undertones. They are often blended with other coffee beans to give a more intense, fuller flavor.

Liberica coffee beans are available in West Africa, Malaysia (Borneo) and Southeast Asia. They are adaptable to humid, hot climates and can thrive at low altitudes. They are also more resistant to disease than Arabica or Robusta.

These qualities make them perfect for home-growing. You can find the seeds online from a number of sources, but it is recommended to purchase from local producers to ensure the quality of the beans. The ideal conditions for the cultivation of Liberica coffee are fertile, deep volcano soils with moderately acidic, and enough annual rainfall.

Another kind of coffee bean is Excelsa which was originally considered a separate species but has been re-classified as an alternative to Liberica. These coffee beans are elongated ovals that are grown on large 20-30 foot coffee plants that are situated at medium altitudes. They have a distinct taste that is both tart and fruity, which has made them a preferred selection in blends for house. They are also less heavy on the aroma and caffeine compared to Arabica and Robusta and Robusta, yet they possess a unique depth of flavor.

Excelsa

Excelsa coffee beans aren't as common as Arabica and Robusta, although they're fourth popular. In fact they were regarded as distinct species of coffee until 2006 when they were reclassified as a synonym for Coffea liberica var. dewevrei. Currently, they're cultivated primarily in Southeast Asia and account for 7% of the world's production of coffee. These coffee beans types beans are shaped as teardrops and possess a dark roast coffee beans, mysterious taste. These beans are commonly used to give blends extra body and a tangy taste of ripened fruits.

Arabica beans are the most popular, and are known for having an apricot-like flavor. They thrive in tropical and warm environments and at high altitudes. They also have a hint of acidity. When properly roasted and brewed they can be a bit sweet with hints of nuts, chocolate or even fruit.

Robusta is a close second to Arabica and is responsible for about 40 percent of the world's coffee. Robusta beans are smaller and more round however they have twice as much caffeine as Arabica. They are also more bitter than the other two varieties and have an earthy, woody flavor.

Now that you've learned the four most widely used varieties of coffee beans now is the time to pick the perfect cup. If you're looking to enjoy a smooth soft, delicate flavor, go for an arabica or a blend of robusta and arabica beans.